What prevail approaches for squashing grapes in order to extract their juice?

The most common methods for crushing grapes in order to extract their juice are as follows:

1) destemming and crushing: the grapes are first destemmed (i.e. the stems are gotten rid of) and after that crushed;

2) whole-cluster pushing: the grapes, with stems still attached, are put into a press and gently crushed in order to extract the juice;

3) foot-stomping: the grapes are put into a container, such as a barrel or tub, and squashed with bare feet;

4) maker squashing: the grapes are put into a crushing maker, which uses steel or nylon rollers to squash the grapes. https://sakeradvantage.com/?p=916