What are common approaches for crushing grapes in order to extract their juice?

The most typical methods for squashing grapes in order to extract their juice are as follows:

1) destemming and crushing: the grapes are very first destemmed (i.e. the stems are eliminated) and then crushed;

2) whole-cluster pressing: the grapes, with stems still attached, are placed into a press and carefully crushed in order to extract the juice;

3) foot-stomping: the grapes are positioned into a container, such as a barrel or tub, and squashed with bare feet;

4) machine crushing: the grapes are put into a squashing machine, which uses steel or nylon rollers to squash the grapes. https://thumbpower.org/?p=619our website